Self-satisfaction

The source of every disobedience, indifference and passion is self-satisfaction.
The source of every obedience, vigilance and virtue is dissatisfaction with one's self.
It is better for you to keep company with an ignorant man dissatisfied with himself
than to keep company with a learned man satisfied with himself.
For what knowledge is there in a self-satisfied scholar?
And what ignorance is there in an unlearned man dissatisfied with himself?
Shaykh Ibn Ataullah Iskandari

Ibn Ataullah explains the harms of indulging in the state of self-satisfaction.   Being satisfied with oneself, believing one is fine and good and great leads one to lose objectivity about self.  We stop looking at ourselves critically, we start believing that everything we do is right, we do no wrong... sliding down the path of delusions.  Inevitably we then start doing things the way we want to and become indifferent and apathetic toward what is right.

But what is worse is that it holds us back from learning.  Learning about ourselves, or  self-awareness is the the starting point for all change and growth.  If in our state of smug self-satisfaction we stop looking at our self, how will we know if what we do is right or wrong?

There is an element of arrogance in self-satisfaction.

Like the Quranic verse says that they were deaf, dumb and blind to themselves... but they really believed they were fine, they were self-satisfied, they believed what they were doing was right... and since they were satisfied there was no need to learn anything.

When we shut ourselves from examining our own thoughts, feelings and actions we start living in a delusional world of make believe.  This indifference or apathy toward new information is harmful for us, it creates a false sense of well being.

Finally, it is better to hang out with a dissatisfied fool than a satisfied scholar.  What a deep, pithy statement.  A satisfied scholar is shut down to new learning, he believes he knows all there is to know, that there is nothing new he needs to learn.  That is scary!  This arrogance of a self-satisfied scholar who believes he knows everything is dangerous, for he will not be open to taking in and examining any new information that might change the direction of a decision. He may think he is the expert in his field, but the moment when we stops learning he has dug a hole for himself.  He is dead.  He is a fool who is self-absorbed and content with the little knowledge he possesses, believing that there is no more to learn. 


A person dissatisfied with his own condition will have the spark, the motivation, the will to make the effort to learn and try new things to improve himself.  He is open to learning... and that is his strength.  He is living... changing, growing, moving, creating.

Our social, cultural & familial tendency is to be self-satisfied, we think what we do and how we do it is right... that is why we are a dictatorial & autocratic society.  We are closed-minded bigots.  We don't accept or respect anyone who does not think or act like us.  We reject new information even before we examine it.  New information or ways of doing things scares us.  We have become tunnel-visioned... deaf, dumb and blind!!! 

And the arrogance sets in.  Let's drag God into this mess, use Him to justify every wrong we commit.   After all, in my arrogance I know that God thinks like me.  He is harsh, punitive, dictatorial and one-dimensional.  Project your narrowness onto God, and you are safe.

A remedy for this negative condition is to allow yourself to grow, expand, learn something new, learn to look at the same old stuff with new eyes, a new perspective, a new angle.  Learn to experience how others feel or think, step in their shoes for a while.  Take in new information.  Listen to the sounds around you, hear the music in every sound.

Every day He creates a new creation... experience it. 
Trust me, you will never be bored, you will never tire, you will never feel alone or lonely.  Instead you will be ALIVE, rejuvenated, energized and full of joy.
You might even learn to fly.

 ©2011

Stressed Out?

Almost everyone feels stressed out at times.  A little stress is a good thing, it keeps you going, it keeps you motivated and moving ahead toward your goal.  However, too much stress can be bad.  But that too is not the end of the world if you learn to manage stress... instead of letting stress take over your life.


Some basic tips:
1. Be Organized:
Very simple, very basic, but it is the foundation to how you manage your life & hence your stress.  Organize everything: your time, your work, your play, your courses, your study, and down to the small seemingly unimportant things like your room, clothes, laundry &  meals.  Being organized will help cut down on wasted time.  You won't need to look for misplaced notes or books.  Being organized will cut down on chaos that adds to stress.


2. Care for Self:
You are a composite of your mental, emotional, physical and spiritual self.  You need to care for ALL of you to be healthy.  A healthy self is stronger and can fight any negativity in life without freaking out.  Eat right & eat regular meals.  Drink plenty of water.Get some physical exercise daily.  Sleep 6 - 7 hours at night.  Learn to relax and unwind.  Relaxation exercises are very helpful.


3. Maintain Balance:
Extremes are harmful, be it all fun and no play, or all play and no fun... either extreme will have negative consequences.  In a 24 hour day... you have 8 hours to study, 8 hrs to have fun and do your personal chores & that still leaves you 8 hrs to sleep.  So there is plenty of time in a day to study & have fun if you learn to manage time. 


4. Manage Time:
Get into the habit of making daily, weekly calendars.  To-do lists are very useful and a life-saver.  Make a calendar for the entire semester.  Block out study time, class times, fun times, sleep time... and you will be amazed to see how much time you have on hand.  Use it judiciously.


5. Attitude:
Your attitude toward yourself, your life, your world is the most basic building block of your life.  If you have a negative attitude you will feel bad and you will make bad choices.  If you have a positive/realistic attitude you will feel good and will make good choices.  In the 25+ years that I have been counseling I have never come across ANYONE who had a negative attitude but felt good, happy or satisfied with their life.  How you THINK is what you are!!!


These tips should help you on the way to success... not just in college but your entire life.


If you need help schedule an appointment with me.  ;-)
(for my LUMS students)

Father-Daughter Relationship: Be Her Role Model and Mentor

Fathers can make such a difference in their daughters' lives. But often, girls are overlooked as fathers develop special bonds with their sons. Fathers are the first male that a girl knows, and the relationship with him sets the tone for all male-female relationships she will have in the future. Fathers are role models for their daughters.

If you were raised in an atmosphere where the roles for men and women were different, some of those stereotypes will still prevail. It can be difficult to break free from old habits and social norms, even when you know it's the best thing for your child.  It is hard work but it is entirely possible.

What you show your children is as important as many of the lessons they learn at school. If they grow up with gender biased role models in the home that is what they will create when they grow up and start their own families.  If they grow up seeing both parents being respectful of each other, and the children, that is what they will create for their family.

Seeing a father cook, clean and help around the house will have a greater impact on the daughter than just telling her that mom’s ‘jobs’ are just as important as dad’s job.  Actions speak louder than words. Teaching her to fix the car can be just as valuable as teaching her how to cook.


Make time to talk to your daughter.  Get to know her, find out how she thinks and feels about everything.  Let her know that you care.  Spend time with her regularly.  Get involved in her activities.  Share your interests and hobbies with her.  Show her that spending time with her is important to you.  Involve her in the decision-making process.


Your relationship with your daughter teaches her what value she has as a person; her identity and self-worth develops from how you interact with her.  When you neglect her, she learns to neglect herself.  If you abuse her she will learn to take abuse or become abusive.  If you respect her she will learn to respect herself and others.  The way you relate with her will determine how she will relate with others, and what kind of family life she will create for herself in the future.


Seemingly unimportant chores are extremely valuable in teaching children the basic lessons of sharing, compromising, co-operating, respect and responsibility. Your attitude toward everything you do is a loud and clear message to your children. Sometimes she can do things that she may think are boring, and sometimes you will do things that you are not interested in.


Children need the presence of both parents; they need the active involvement of both parents in their everyday life.  A mother cannot fill the role of the father in the same way that a father can.  Nor can a father be a mother for his children.


Along with the serious responsibility of being your child's first and most influential role model, parents should also make time to have fun with their children. Children also love to do things with their parents that involve play. Kids will have a lot more fun and take ownership of your special time together if they help decide what activities to engage in.

Know that you are shaping your daughter’s future by how you relate with her.


 © 2001  published on www.crescentlife.com

Forced Marriages



The most important thing to recognize is that Islâm does not permit or validate any contract (business or otherwise) of a minor.  A child, who does not understand the implications of a contract is not permitted to make or give consent to contracts on his/her behalf.   

All contracts have certain requirements that have to be fulfilled, and it is necessary for a person to fully understand not only the requirements but what it entails to fulfill that contract, ie: the implication of the fine print. Islam restricts a minor's free control of his wealth or person and a wali is assigned in such cases.  The same applies in matters of marriage.  In the absence of a father the wali could be another adult of the family or assigned by court.

Since Islâm does not allow a minor to conduct business or make financial decisions for himself or herself, a marital contract of a minor falls under the same premise.  

Islâm does not give a father the right to use his children's wealth without their permission, how could he be allowed to decide, without the daughter's permission, how her body (which is more important than her wealth) is to be used, specially when she disagrees to and is mature enough to decide for herself?  

In a hadith reported by ‘Aishah (raa) ‘A woman came to Allah’s Messenger (saw) and said, ‘O Prophet of Allah! My father offered me as wife to his nephew so as to elevate his social status. What should I do?’ Allah’s Messenger (saw) said, ‘The matter is in your hands. If you like you may accept and approve the marriage. If you do not, no one has the right to force you to accept it.’ The woman said, ‘I approve of what my father has done, but I want to teach other women that their fathers have no right to force them to marry whomever their fathers want.’ (Ahmad)

Abu Hurayrah (ra) reported that the Prophet (saw) said: "A previously married woman may not be married without her command, and a never married woman may not be married without her permission; and permission for her is to remain silent (because of her natural shyness)." [Al-Bukhâri, Muslim, and others]

The Prophet (saw) prohibits forcing a woman in marriage without her permission, whether it be by her father or anyone else. 

Áisha (ra) said that she asked the Prophet (saw): "In the case of a young girl whose parents marry her, should her permission be sought or not?" He replied, "Yes, she must give her permission." She then said, "But a young woman will be shy, O Allâh's Messenger." He answered: "Her silence is [considered as] her permission." [Al-Bukhâri, Muslim, and others]

The difference between the previously married woman and a never married woman in the hadîth of the Prophet (saw) is not a differentiation between compulsion and non-compulsion; rather, the difference between the two cases is that
(a) the previously married woman gives her instructions for the marriage 
(b) the never married woman gives permission


The reason given for this is that a never-married woman may be shy in discussing the matter of her marriage, so she is not proposed to directly; rather, her wali (guardian) is approached, he must have her permission. As for a previously married woman who can discuss the matter of her own marriage, she can be proposed to directly, and she gives the command to her wali to perform the marriage, and he must obey her. Thus the wali is command-executor in the case of the previously married woman, and is permission-seeker in the case of a never-married woman. This is what the Prophet's words indicate.   

As for compelling a woman to marry despite her loathing to do so, this would contradict the fundamental principles of choice and right to making decisions about your own life.. Allâh Ta'ala did not permit a wali to force his ward to sell or rent her property without her permission. Neither did Allâh Ta'ala permit the parent or guardian to force his ward to eat or drink or wear that which she does not wish. How would He then oblige her to marry a person whose company she hates?

However, instances in which 'silence is as permission' is widely abused. 
 
© 2003  published on www.crescentlife.com

Journaling: A Tool for Self-Awareness


Journaling is a therapeutic tool used in a variety of ways to connect with aspects of self at a deeper level.  It has many advantages when done in conjunction with therapy.  It helps a person become better acquainted with their own hidden patterns of thinking and feeling.  Recognizing and becoming aware of your own patterns is the starting point of change, only when we know what is not working can we change it.  

Journaling is also a good tool for measuring success and change, as you look back at issues you have addressed and worked on.  On the other hand it will also reveal what issues are still unresolved and need your attention.  

As you continue journaling you will find that your understanding of your issues move from a surface level to deeper levels as the underlying fears and motives are revealed to you.  One is often surprised at what is revealed!  It is surprising to find out what you really think and believe as opposed to what you think you think.  The masks start coming off.  The real you starts showing itself.  You are accessing your subconscious self... the one that runs the show.  We tend to live with a socially acceptable persona or the 'false self' that adapts itself to the demands of society and the environment we live in.  

The best style of journaling is 'free-flowing' ie: let your thoughts and feelings flow.  No censoring of thoughts and feelings!  As you start writing you will find that your mind goes off on tangents, one thought leading to another... follow the thread.  Keep asking yourself why do I think/feel this way.  Keep digging deeper and deeper as your inner motivations are revealed to you.  Our thoughts and feelings occur in layers, as you uncover one layer you will find another layer of beliefs under it.  Look at the dark and the bright sides of self.  Honesty, brutal honesty is the key to truly understand yourself.  Don't shy away from your true inner self... as that is the part of you that you need to know if you want to change the negativity in your life. 

Some of the advantages of Journaling are:
Healing
  • Self-awareness
  • Heals relationships
  • Heals the past
  • Dignifies all events
  • Strengthens your sense of self
  • Balances and harmonizes aspects of self
  • Recalls and reconstructs past events
  • Acts as your own counselor
  • Leverages therapy sessions for better and faster results
  • Reveals and tracks patterns and cycles
  • Allows you to re-experience the past with today's adult mind
Know Yourself 
  • Builds self confidence and self knowledge
  • Records the past
  • Helps you identify your values
  • Reveals the depths of who you are
  • Clarifies thoughts, feelings and behavior
  • Shifts you to the observer, recorder, counselor level
  • Reveals your processes - how you think, learn, create and use intuition
  • Creates awareness of beliefs and options so you can change them
  • Reveals different aspects of self
  • Accesses the unconscious, subconscious and super consciousness
  • Finds the missing pieces and the unsaid
  • Helps rid you of the masks you wear
  • Finds more meaning in life
Personal Growth
  • Integrates life experiences and learning
  • Moves you towards wholeness and growth, to who you really are
  • Explores your spirituality
  • Focuses and clarifies your desires and needs
  • Allows freedom of expression
  • Explores night dreams, day dreams and fantasies
  • Improves self trust
  • Awakens the inner voice
  • Directs intention and discernment
  • Provides insights
  • Improves sensitivity
  • Interprets your symbols and dreams
Problem Solving and Stress Reduction
  • Eases decision making
  • Offers new perspectives
  • Brings clarity
  • Shows relationships and wholeness instead of separation
  • Is often self-starting and motivating and supplies its own energy
  • Enhances intuition and creativity
  • Increases focus
  • Brings stability
  • Holds thoughts still so they can be observed, changed and integrated
  • Releases pent-up thoughts and emotions
  • Empowers
  • Disentangles thoughts and ideas
  • Bridges inner thinking with outer events
As you start to journal you will have more and more ideas come to you. Capture them. Create an "Ideas" page of things you want to journal about. It may be a great idea, or another topic you would like to journal on, or a question you want answered, or a journaling tool you want to try again. Write it. Any time you have a few minutes to reflect or write, you have some important topics to write about.

If you tend to have an active, creative mind, you may have lots of great ideas pop into your head. And if you do not catch them, they will be gone in seconds. It is great to go back and review multiple ideas, then step back and look at the bigger picture your ideas are creating.
"Writing crystallizes thought and thought produces action."  Paul J. Meyer


 
© 2001  published on www.crescentlife.com

The Art of Silence



Silence as a form of communication!  Have you ever thought of silence in this context?

In learning the techniques of therapy, I was taught to let silence work for me during a session with a client.  Periods of silence allow the inner workings to happen.  Silence allows the inner process to blossom.  Silence helps stop the external chattering of the ‘monkey mind’ and teaches us to listen to the inner dialogue.  Silence helps us dig deeper into our own selves, to know ourselves better and to find the answers within us.

So many of us feel troubled when everyone is quiet that we often begin talking even it if does not really relate to the situation at hand.  Some of us start forming answers in our mind and don’t even wait for the other person to finish what they are saying.  We don’t even listen with full attention.  This superficial level of dialogue is conditioned, it is learned information; not inner wisdom.

How wonderful it would be to learn the art of silence and know when to remain quiet. In the quietness, thoughts and emotions are formed in relation to what was being discussed. We need time to reflect and respond.  If we speak too quickly we lose the 'thread' of the process. Once the silence is broken - the moment is lost.

Think back to some of your conversations. Couples often make the mistake of feeling that when their partner states something, they are expected to fix it or come up with a solution.  Most of the time the partner really simply wants to be heard, to be able to vent, to think out loud, to process their thoughts. When we speak too quickly and try to solve the situation, the partner feels he/she has not been heard.

I have seen that when I encourage clients to look within, they inevitably come up with a better understanding of their problem; as well as the answers and insights they need to resolve it.  They are just not used to allowing themselves the silence that is needed to know their real inner self.  Our culture and society doesn’t encourage this way of being.  We are so busy creating destructive distractions for ourselves that we don’t even know our real self.   
Worrying is the incessant chattering of the over-active mind that is fueled by your fears.
This powerful silence is different from the obsessive worrying we are prone to.  Worrying is the incessant chattering of the over-active mind that is fueled by your fears.  Silence is receptive listening.  It is being open with total trust.  Silence is allowing yourself to be.  Our thoughts are not linear and neither is our life.  Our inner self connects to pertinent information according to its relevance to an issue.  When we allow our inner self the silence it needs, it will pull out the necessary information.  Like ‘connect the dots’ it retrieves all the information, even long forgotten information, and it makes complete sense.  Worrying and obsessing over things is limited, linear thinking, and that is why it does not get us out of our stuck ways.

Silence helps you evolve and grow.  It helps your wisdom blossom.  It teaches you to trust your inner self.  Silence flows like poetry.  Silence is the dance of discernment.  Silence is the language of communication with God.


© 2001  published on www.crescentlife.com

Dynamics of Shame


Shame is the feeling of being unworthy, inadequate, or defective, expressed in the belief that: "There's something wrong with me."    It is a feeling of remorse about one’s worth as a person. The self, more than one's behavior, becomes the target of attack.

Guilt is a feeling of regret about what one has done or not done that hurt someone. Guilt is the uncomfortable or painful feeling that results from doing something that violates or breaks a personal standard or value, or from hurting another person, or even from breaking an agreement or a law.  Guilt thus concerns one's behavior, feeling bad about what one has done, or about what one didn't do that one was supposed to have done.


Like most feelings, guilt can be a useful emotion. Guilt tells one that one's conscience is functioning. People who never experience guilt or remorse after transgressions are classically said to have an anti-social personality disorder.  Guilt that is useful and constructive is considered to be 'healthy guilt'.


As John Bradshaw says, "When I feel guilt, I feel that I have made a mistake, and when I feel shame, I feel that I am a mistake."   


Shame or low self-esteem plays a major role in stifling the 'inner self' or 'true self'.  Shame is both a feeling or emotion, and an experience that happens to the total self.

We all experience shame.  Shame is universal to being human.  If we do not work through it and then let go of it, shame tends to accumulate and burden us, until we even become its victim.


In addition to feeling defective or inadequate, shame makes us believe that others can see through us, through our facade, into our defectiveness.  Shame feels hopeless: that no matter what we do, we cannot correct it.  We feel isolated and lonely with our shame.

Shame is often disguised as if it were some other feeling or action and then projected onto other people.  Some of these feelings and actions that may mask shame are: 

  • Anger.  
  • Contempt.  
  • Neglect.
  • Withdrawal.  
  • Resentment.  
  • Attack.  
  • Abandonment.  
  • Rage. 
  • Control.   
  • Disappointment.   
  • Blame.   
  • Perfectionism.  
  • Compulsive Behavior
Growing up in a troubled or dysfunctional family is associated with shame and low self-esteem in all members of that family.  The manifestations of shame may vary among family members as everyone adapts to shame in their own way. The major similarity is that nearly everyone will be co-dependent and operates primarily from their false self.  We can thus describe the troubled or dysfunctional family as being shame-based.

Our shame seems to come from what we do with the negative messages, negative affirmations, beliefs and rules that we hear as we grow up. We hear these from our parents, parent figures and other people in authority.
 
Over and over, we hear messages like "Shame on You!" "You're so bad!" "You're not good enough."  We hear them so often, and from people on whom we are so dependent and to whom we are so vulnerable, that we believe them.  And so we incorporate or internalize them into our very being.
  • If we are mortified at momentarily forgetting a friend's name, we are experiencing shame
  • If we compulsively clean house before guests arrive, we are warding off shame
  • If we are too shy to speak in front of a group, we are suffering from shame.
  • If we cover our faces or say, "I'm sorry" when we cry, we are hiding our shame.
  • If we think we're too fat, too thin, too big, or too small, we are contending with shame.
  • If we envy another's success or fear our own, we are grappling with shame.
  • If we fail to go after what we want because we don't want to look "unfeminine," we are stopped by shame.
  • If we consistently put the needs of others ahead of our own, we are ruled by shame.
Shame, is the only emotion that attacks the self by making one believe that one is inherently defective and unlovable. This crippling emotion destroys self-confidence and prevents one from achieving or enjoying success. When shame pervades one’s day-to-day existence, one is torn between one’s need to empower and the need to preserve one’s relationships. 

Many are afraid that others will see them as bad, weak, childish, stupid, or unloving, and that they will end up being scorned.  Rejection, real or imagined, confirms their inherent sense of being unlovable. These intense feelings of inadequacy have their roots in their past and in their culture.  Shame is above all a relationship wound and families provide the first experiences of unworthiness.  From infancy on, we depend on the vital connection of love and trust with those most important to us.  When the tie is broken by harsh words, neglect, or abuse, we blame ourselves.  When these breaks occur repeatedly, we come to believe there is something wrong with us rather than with our parents.


Many women learn that as females they are too dependent and too emotional, too flighty to be capable of serious thinking.  Qualities such as intuition, emotionality, and the ability to relate to others (which society generally labels "feminine") are less highly valued than qualities such as independence, assertiveness, and rationality (generally labeled "masculine").  Women’s strengths are discounted: their ability to see both sides of a situation is deemed wishy-washy, their intuition is dismissed, and their desire for connection is considered being "too dependent" or "needy."  


Both men and women are discouraged to develop the traits of the opposite gender... as if learning to be assertive would harm a woman, or learning to be in touch with their emotions would damage a man.  Stereotypes continue.
 
Men growing up in abusive homes experience shame in the same way as women.  Their self-image is damaged in the same way.  Their identity and self-worth shaken.

Men are ashamed when they lack power and status or, when they are too much like women. Women lack power and status and feel ashamed because they are women. Yet if they try to be like men, they are ashamed of being "unfeminine."  Either way, they lose.  Because women’s role has been to be passive and to defer to men, women struggle with shame for being competitive and for being successful.


Shame is a learned emotional reaction to an actual or perceived attack on the worth of an individual. 


Dealing with shame involves:

  • Recognizing the aspects of the self that were shamed. 
  • Figuring out rationally and logically if there is any validity to those comments or beliefs. 
  • Recognizing the effect of that experience. 
  • Feeling the anger, sadness, hurt and pain. 
  • Letting go of the past feelings and beliefs.
Overcoming the paralyzing effects of shame that keeps one limited starts with developing an awareness of how and what one believes about one's self, then questioning and exploring that belief with logical, realistic and rational thinking. 

© 1999 published on www.crescentlife.com

Hate Violence and Hate Crimes

Hate violence is any act of intimidation, harassment, physical force or threat of physical force directed against any person, or family, or their property or advocate, motivated either in whole or in part by hostility to their real or perceived race, ethnic background, religious belief, sex, age, disability, or sexual orientation, with the intention of causing fear or intimidation, or to deter the free exercise or enjoyment of any rights or privileges secured by the law.
 
When hate violence is punishable under a criminal statute it is a hate crime.  

At its most fundamental level, hate violence is an aggressive expression of hatred against another person or group of people simply because of who and what they are.  But an act does not have to be criminal to be an act of hate; the use of an epithet with the intent to cause fear is an expression of hate regardless of whether or not it is a crime.  

There are many excuses and explanations of hate violence, but in the end the root cause is  fear.  This fear is mostly due to ignorance: fear of the unknown, fear of the "other," fear of perceived enemies. These fears have the potential to generate violence in situations of perceived threat.


In comparing ourselves to others, we tend to label others as good if they have similar attributes and react positively to them. Some we label as "bad" and react negatively.  In times of insecurity and fear, it does not take much for a stressed person to think "that person is bad because they are different from me" and "those people caused all my problems, and I'm going to do something about it" looking for a scapegoat.
 
Most young people value the opinions of their peers highly.  Many young people who  become involved in hate violence do so because their friends were doing it or because they wanted to belong to a group -- any group.  Joining a racist gang -- or any other gang -- fulfills the need to belong.  Lack of positive direction and role models, untamed emotions, limited depth of experience and understanding, a sense of invincibility and rebelliousness are some factors that make the situation worse. 

Families are very influential in shaping a young person's mind and attitudes.  Lack of parental guidance, lack of love and forgivingness toward each other, lack of tolerance and patience toward family members, lack of selflessness in family life eventually plays out in the social context.  Just like charity begins at home, hate and prejudice begins at home.  If one has grown up in a cruel, harsh and critical environment they expect that from the world and defensively lash out... hitting before they get hurt.

Communities and nations act extremely irresponsibly by not taking action to ensure justice.  All adults are responsible for their actions.  We cannot afford to ignore the impact of our own actions on others.  We cannot continue to make excuses for our own selfishness and greed.  Every single individual, every business and every organization has at some time or the other stopped taking responsibility for their own actions, they have chosen to overlook the well being of others for their own benefit.  

The media plays a key role in shaping attitudes among young people.  The portrayals of various types of people on the programs they watch inevitably shapes their attitudes about those groups. 

Political and religious leaders around the world fan the flames of bigotry in order to advance their own interests and careers.  They instigate fear and insecurity, using the general populace as pawns, with very little regard to the impact this hatred has in the long run.  They actively are teaching hatred and intolerance.

And of course none of us are willing to see further than our own nose... deep down we know what we are doing and we continue avoiding because we can't tolerate seeing our own ugly reality.

When addressing hate violence we cannot afford to focus our efforts on responding directly to specific sources of negative messages. To eradicate this problem we need to educate ourselves, our communities, nation and world.  We have to focus most of our efforts on the broader goal of inoculating the next generation so that they can reject those who try to infect them with hatred for others.




© 2001  published on www.crescentlife.com

Living in Harmony with Religious Diversity: Islamic Perspective

The Qur’ân gives Muslims and non-Muslims the right to worship in accordance with their own faith and to have their own beliefs. This freedom of conscience cannot be taken away from any human being, whatever his or her beliefs may be. Islam not only accepts the legitimacy of religious pluralism but also considers it quite central to its code for a just and harmonious co-existence.

"Unto every one of you We have appointed a (different) law and way of life. And if God had so willed, He could surely have made you all one single community; but (He willed it otherwise) in order to test you by means of what He has given you. Vie, then, with one another in doing good works!  Unto God you all must return; and then He will make you truly understand all that on which you were wont to differ."  (Qur’ân 5:48) 


“Every community faces a direction of its own, of which God is the focal point. Vie, therefore, with one another towards all that is good.  Wherever you may be, God will bring you together; for God has power over all things.” (Qur’ân 2:148) 


The Qur’ân is very particular about freedom of conscience as it teaches respect for everyone regardless of any differences and that is the key to pluralism. The Qur’ân clearly states that there is no compulsion in religion (Qur’ân 2:256) and maintains that all children of Adam are honorable (Qur’ân 17:70). 


God has created different communities, cultures and religions on purpose; to try and test human beings in what has been given to them (i.e. different scriptures, laws and ways of life). In the last part of the verse (5.48) God says that everyone will return to Him and it is He who will make us understand these differences.  It is not for human beings to claim being right or wrong as it leads to disturbances and breach of peace. Therefore these matters should be left for God to decide. The differences of laws and ways of life should not become the cause of disharmony and enmity.  The test is to live in peace and harmony with each other, which is the will of God.  Furthermore, God directs us to learn to live with these differences and compete with each other only in our acts of goodness, as that is what will bring everyone together. The Qur’ân mandates a peaceful co-existence.  It is the best way to resolve inter-religious and inter-cultural conflicts and to promote acceptance of the ‘religious and cultural other’ with dignity and grace. 


The Qur'ân does not take a narrow sectarian view. Its view is very broad, humanitarian and its emphasis is on good deeds; it strongly condemns evil deeds, which harm the society and humanity at large. In this respect also it makes no distinction between Muslims and non-Muslims. 


This inclusive approach is very vital, for only in accepting the rights of the 'religious other' can there be a just society. The laws, beliefs and the ways of life may differ and yet the Divine Essence, the Divine Truth is the same. It is reflected in all religions, in all spiritual traditions and we humans have no right to judge or reject the 'other' as illegitimate, much less, false. Thus it is our human ego that rejects the religious other.   
 

Some prophets are mentioned by name in the Qur’ân, while making clear that there were many that are not named. 


“God has ordained for you the faith that He commended to Noah, and that which We inspire in you [Muhammad], and that which We commended to Abraham and Moses and Jesus, saying:  "Establish the religion, and be not divided therein.”  (Qur’ân 42:13). 


“Those who believe, and those who follow the Jewish [Scriptures], and the Christians, and the Sabaeans—whoever believes in God and the Last Day and does what is right—surely their reward is with their Lord; no fear shall come upon them nor shall they grieve.” (Qur’ân 2:62). 


"It is not righteousness that you turn your faces towards the East and the West, but righteousness is the one who believes in God, and the Last Day, and the angels and the Book and the Prophets, and who gives away wealth out of love for Him to the near of kin and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarer and to those who ask, and who set slaves free, and keeps up prayer, and pays the poor rate; and the performers of their promise when they make a promise, and the patient in distress and affliction and in the time of conflict; and these are they who keep their duty." (Qur’ân 2:177) 


In a straightforward and direct way God makes it very clear that:
"The most honored of you in the sight of God is (he who is) the most righteous of you."  (Qur’ân 49:13)

 

No religion can claim God as their personal property.  Religiosity and piety is also a test when it leads one to arrogance in thinking of themselves as better than others, leading one to judge or condemn without knowing the reality.  Thus no one, Muslim or non-Muslim, can claim any exception from the universal law of God; one who does good will be rewarded and one who does evil will be punished. 
 

"It will not be in accordance with your vain desires, nor the vain desires of the people of the Book; whoever does evil, will be requited for it and will not find for himself besides God a friend or a helper." (Qur’ân 4:123) 


"So he who does an atom's weight of good will see it and he who does an atom's weight of evil will see it." (Qur’ân 99:7) 


The Qur’ân encourages inter-religious dialogue with respect.  God commands that Muslims cannot enforce their religion on anyone, nor can they disrespect other religions.  God knows that religion is a matter in which emotions take over and hence He is very clear about directing us to be respectful and sensitive when discussing such issues.


”And tell my servants that they should speak in a most kindly manner (unto those who do not share their beliefs). Verily, Satan is always ready to stir up discord between men; for verily; Satan is man’s foe. We have not sent you with the power to determine their faith.”  (Qur’ân 17:53, 54) 


"And discuss not with the People of the Book except by what is best, save such of them, as act unjustly. And Say: We believe in that which has been revealed to us and revealed to you, and our God and your God is One, and to Him we submit." (Qur’ân 29:46)


"Revile not ye those whom they call upon besides God, lest they out of spite revile God in their ignorance. Thus have We made alluring to each people its own doings. In the end will they return to their Lord, and We shall then tell them the truth of all that they did."  (Qur’ân 6.108) 


The theme of oneness of humankind is repeated in the Qur'ân in different ways. We are told that all human beings have been "created of a single soul" (Qur’ân 4:1); and that all descended from the same parents. (Qur’ân 49:13). 

Apart from oneness of humankind the Qur'ân also lays stress on racial, linguistic and national identities. Diversity is projected by the Qur’ân as a sign of God and hence to be respected.  Different identities are for recognition and hence necessary and it should not lead to any conflict.  Thus the Qur’ân clearly accepts the legitimacy of diversity.

"And of His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth and the diversity of your tongues and colors. Surely there are signs in this for the learned." (Qur’ân 30:22) 


"O mankind, surely We have created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes that you may know each other." (Qur’ân 49:13)
 

It also makes it clear, quite forcefully, that all places of worship should be respected and protected.  It is significant that the Qur’ân maintains that be it church, synagogue, temple or mosque, God's name is much remembered in these places. No single religious place is privileged in this respect. Thus here too religious pluralism is stressed. 

"Had not God checked one set of people by means of another; cloisters, monasteries, churches, synagogues and mosques, in which the name of God is remembered in abundance; would have been pulled down." (Qur’ân 22:40)

When Prophet Muhammad (saw) migrated from Mecca to Medina he found himself in a pluralist situation. There was religious as well as tribal diversity. He not only accepted this diversity but also legitimized it by drawing up an agreement with different religious and tribal groups and accorded everyone, through this agreement, a dignified existence and rights. This agreement, known as 'Misaq al Medina' or the Constitution of Medina; accorded Muslims and non-Muslims the right to live in peace and together protect each other from external harm and danger. 

Since the upper hand was with the Muslims in Medina, the Prophet (pbuh) strictly warned against any maltreatment of people of other faiths. He said,
“Beware! Whoever is cruel and hard on a non-Muslim minority, or curtails their rights, or burdens them with more than they can bear, or takes anything from them against their free will; I (Prophet Muhammad) will complain against the person on the Day of Judgment.”
(Abu Dawud)


As a matter of fact in the daily prayers Muslims send blessings and peace on the followers of Abraham (as) in exactly the same manner that they pray for the followers of Muhammad (saw).  This is repeated numerous times depending on the cycles of the five daily prayers - (morning prayer 2 times, noon 4, afternoon 2, evening 3 and in the night-time prayer it is repeated 7 times, ie: total of 18 times daily):

“O God, bestow Your peace and abundant favors (blessings) upon Muhammad (saw) and his people, as You bestow Your peace upon Abraham (as) and upon his people. Indeed You are Glorified and Praised.”

We have only to look at the Qur’ân and our history to know that Islâm encourages a religiously diverse and pluralist society, ensuring dignity and freedom of conscience to all. Islâm protects the right of non-Muslims and guards their freedom to exist with their own beliefs.  Islamic history shows that Muslims and non-Muslims existed in peace, and it tells Muslims how to conduct themselves in dialogue with non-Muslims.  Promoting divisiveness and hatred based on religious differences is absolutely against Islâm.  Based on such clear guidance, Muslims cannot ignore this Islâmic teaching and must practice and teach their children to be respectful, civil, polite and genuinely friendly with non-Muslims to promote and achieve universal peace. 


© 2003   published on www.crescentlife.com

Religious Tolerance Toward Non-Muslims

This list of verses from the Holy Quran and the Traditions of Prophet Muhammad (may peace be upon him) show that Islam at it's core and at its source is a religion of peace. Terrorists who persecute innocent people because of their faith are not welcome - their use of Islam as a scapegoat, does not make Islam what they portray it to be.


Quran:


Sûrah al Baqarah 2:256
There is no compulsion in religion, for the right way is clearly from the wrong way. Whoever therefore rejects the forces of evil and believes in God, he has taken hold of a support most unfailing, which shall never give way, for God is All Hearing and Knowing.



16:82
But if they turn away from you, (O Prophet remember that) your only duty is a clear delivery of the Message (entrusted to you).



6:107
Yet if God had so willed, they would not have ascribed Divinity to aught besides him; hence, We have not made you their keeper, nor are you (of your own choice) a guardian over them.



4:79, 80
(Say to everyone of them) 'Whatever good betides you is from God and whatever evil betides you is from your own self and that We have (O Prophet) sent you to mankind only as a messenger and all sufficing is God as witness. Whoso obeys the Messenger, he indeed obeys God. And for those who turn away, We have not sent you as a keeper."



11:28
(Noah to his people) He (Noah) said "O my people! think over it! If I act upon a clear direction from my Lord who has bestowed on me from Himself the Merciful talent of seeing the right way, a way which you cannot see for yourself, does it follow that we can force you to take the right path when you definitely decline to take it?°



17:53, 54
And tell my servants that they should speak in a most kindly manner (unto those who do not share their beliefs). Verily, Satan is always ready to stir up discord between men; for verily; Satan is mans foe .... Hence, We have not sent you (Unto men O Prophet) with power to determine their Faith.



21:107 to 109
(O Prophet?) 'We have not sent you except to be a mercy to all mankind:" Declare, "Verily, what is revealed to me is this, your God is the only One God, so is it not up to you to bow down to Him?'  But if they turn away then say, "I have delivered the Truth in a manner clear to one and all, and I know not whether the promised hour (of Judgment) is near or far."



22:67
To every people have We appointed ceremonial rites (of prayer) which they observe; therefore, let them not wrangle over this matter with you, but bid them to turn to your Lord (since that is the main objective of religion). You indeed are rightly guided. But if they still dispute you in this matter, (then say,) `God best knows (the value of) what you do."



88:21, 22; also see 24:54
And so, (O Prophet!) exhort them your task is only to exhort; you cannot compel them to believe.



48:28
He it is Who has sent forth His Messenger with the (task of spreading) Guidance and the Religion of Truth, to the end that tie make it prevail over every (false) religion, and none can bear witness to the Truth as God does.



39:41
Assuredly, We have sent down the Book to you in right form for the good of man. Whoso guided himself by it does so to his own advantage, and whoso turns away from it does so at his own loss. You certainly are not their keeper.



42:6, 48
And whoso takes for patrons others besides God, over them does God keep a watch. Mark, you are not a keeper over them. But if they turn aside from you (do not get disheartened), for We have not sent you to be a keeper over them; your task is but to preach ....



64:12
Obey God then and obey the Messenger, but if you turn away (no blame shall attach to our Messenger), for the duty of Our Messenger is just to deliver the message.



67:25, 26
And they ask, "When shall the promise be fulfilled if you speak the Truth?" Say, "The knowledge of it is verily with 

God alone, and verily I am but a plain warner."


60:8
Allah forbids you not, with regard to those who fight you not for (your) Faith nor drive you out of your homes, from dealing kindly and justly with them: for Allah loveth those who are just.



60:9
Allah only forbids you, with regard to those who fight you for (your) Faith, and drive you out of your homes, and support (others) in driving you out, from turning to them (for friendship and protection). It is such as turn to them (in these circumstances), that do wrong.

 
Ahadith:
The teachings of the Prophet on how you and I should treat our Non-Muslim friends and neighbors on a day to day basis as well as how a government should treat a Non-Muslim citizen of a Muslim state.



"He who believes in God and the Last Day should honor his guest, should not harm his neighbor, should speak good or keep quiet." (Bukhâri, Muslim)


"Whoever hurts a Non-Muslim citizen of a Muslim state hurts me, and he who hurts me annoys God." (Bukhâri)


"He who hurts a Non-Muslim citizen of a Muslim state, I am his adversary, and I shall be his adversary on the Day of a Judgement." (Bukhâri)


"Beware on the Day of Judgment; I shall myself be the complainant against him who wrongs a Non-Muslim citizen of a Muslim state or lays on him a responsibility greater than he can bear or deprives him of anything that belongs to him." (Al-Mawardi)


"Anyone who kills a Non-Muslim who had become our ally will not smell the fragrance of Paradise." (Bukhâri)




2001  published on www.crescentlife.com

Hate & Violence



Hate and violence includes all forms of abuse.  'Zulm' (cruelty) and 'ithm' (harm)... the terms used for abuse or cruelty in the Quran are best translated as 'putting asunder anything from its natural state.'   This includes misuse, eg: misusing or abusing the natural elements in the environment; wastage of any kind, be it water, food or wealth.  Keeping this broad and all-encompassing definition in mind, this section deals with abuses of varying kinds. The goal is to learn from our mistakes, to not repeat them and to become a better human being and human race.

Ethno-political violence is based on any differentiation by group; race or religion.  Such violence tends to evolve toward the ultimate crime of genocide that begins simply with difficult conditions of life.  Hitler Nazi regime, India and Pakistan's independence from the British, South Africa, France and Algeria, Palestine and Israel, Bosnia, Chechnya, Albania, Serbia and countless similar scenarios.

In the context of ethno-political warfare, group identification means expanding the boundaries of what an individual cares about to its larger group. It grows past the boundaries of narrow self-interest to group interest. Fundamental human needs are frustrated. There develops a need for control, of positive identity and a need for connection. A larger coalition brings them this strength.

Out of such needs comes the beginning of restlessness and a demand for more.  People begin turning to groups for their identity.  The psychological and social process turns one group against another. The result is an ideology based on antagonism fear and paranoia.  People elevate their own group to gain a better sense of themselves, while at the same time devaluing another group.

What makes this destructive is that one group is usually identified as an enemy that stands in the way of the fulfillment of their position. They view the other group as mortal enemies; it becomes part of their group’s identity. And it has a vision of a better world in which the other is eliminated.






This may be a very simplistic way of representing it, but this is how abuse, hate and violence progresses... if we are abusive toward ourselves at the individual and personal level, chances are that we will be abusive toward our families, which then is taken into the community and finally into the world.  

At the personal level, we see conflicts within self, conflicting desires and values.
At the family level we see conflicts between family members and with extended family.
At the community level we see conflicts at the social, religious, work place environment.
At the world level we see wars.


How we handle conflicts at home, will be the style we use to handle community and world conflicts.  Unhealthy problem-solving ranges from avoidance and denial to aggression and violence.  Healthy problem-solving begins with listening and understanding all sides of the conflict and then creating solutions that are mutually satisfying.  No power games allowed.
 
© 2001  published on www.crescentlife.com

Humor is Therapeutic




Humor is a quality of perception that enables us to experience joy even when faced with adversity.  Finding humor in a situation and laughing freely with others can be a powerful antidote to stress. Our sense of humor gives us the ability to find delight, experience joy, and to release tension. This can be an effective self-care tool.


The word humor itself is a word of many meanings. The root of the word is "umor" meaning liquid or fluid. In the Middle Ages, humor referred to an energy that was thought to relate to a body fluid and an emotional state. This energy was believed to determine health and disposition (i.e. "He's in a bad humor").
A sanguine humor was cheerful and associated with blood.
A choleric humor was angry and associated with bile.
A phlegmatic humor was apathetic and associated with mucous.
A melancholic humor was depressed and associated with black bile.



In modern dictionaries, humor is defined as "the quality of being laughable or comical" or as "a state of mind, mood, spirit". Humor then is flowing; involving basic characteristics of the individual expressed in the body, emotions, and spirit.


Stress has been shown to create unhealthy physiological changes. The connection between stress and high blood pressure, muscle tension, immuno-suppression, and many other changes has been known for years. Modern research shows that laughter creates the opposite effects. It appears to be the perfect antidote for stress.
Studies show that the experience of laughter lowers serum cortisol levels, increases the amount of activated T lymphocytes, increases the number and activity of natural killer cells, and increases the number of T cells that have helper/ suppressor receptors. In short, laughter stimulates the immune system, off-setting the immunosuppressive effects of stress.


Research done in the last ten years helps us understand the mind-body connections. The emotions and moods we experience directly effect our immune system. A sense of humor allows us to perceive and appreciate the incongruities of life and provides moments of joy and delight. These positive emotions can create neuro-chemical changes that will buffer the immunosuppressive effects of stress.


Laughter can provide a cathartic release, a purifying of emotions and release of emotional tension. Laughter, crying, raging, and trembling are all cathartic activities which can unblock energy flow.


In his book 'Stress without Distress', Selye clarified that a person's interpretation of stress is not dependent solely on an external event, but also depends upon their perception of the event and the meaning they give it; -- how you look at a situation determines if you will respond to it as threatening or challenging.


Because different people respond differently to the same environmental stimuli, some people seem to cope with stress better than others. Sociologist Suzanne Kobassa has defined three "hardiness factors"  which can increase a person's resilience to stress and prevent burnout: -- commitment, control, and challenge. If you have a strong commitment to yourself and your work, if you believe that you are in control of the choices in your life (internal locus of control), and if you see change as challenging rather than threatening; then you are more likely to cope successfully with stress.   One theme that is becoming more prominent in the literature is the idea that a causative factor in burnout is a sense of powerlessness.


In this context, humor can be an empowerment tool. Humor gives us a different perspective on our problems and, with an attitude of detachment, we feel a sense of self-protection and control in our environment.
It is reasonable to assume that if locus of control measures strongly as internal, that a person will feel a greater sense of power and thus be more likely to avoid burnout.


Humor perception involves the whole brain and serves to integrate and balance activity in both hemispheres. Derks has shown that there is a unique pattern of brain wave activity during the perception of humor. EEG's were recorded on subjects while they were presented with humorous material. During the setup to the joke, the cortex's left hemisphere began its analytical function of processing words. Shortly afterward, most of the brain activity moved to the frontal lobe which is the center of emotionality. Moments later the right hemisphere's synthesis capabilities joined with the left's processing to find the pattern -- to 'get the joke'. A few milliseconds later, before the subject had enough time to laugh, the increased brain wave activity spread to the sensory processing areas of the brain, the occipital lobe. The increased fluctuations in delta waves reached a crescendo of activity and crested as the brain 'got' the joke and the external expression of laughter began. Derks' findings shows that humor pulls the various parts of the brain together rather than activating a component in only one area.


Laughing at yourself is not always easy. Frequently one is too immersed in a problem to find any humor in it. It can help to seek out people with that special flair for seeing the funny side of a situation; to use the talent available to aid in the quest for laughter and comic release.


Try to create humorous images of problems, exaggerate the situation into the absurd, laugh at your own idiosyncratic behaviors... you will see the stress and tension lift off.


published in www.crescentlife.com

Cognitive Therapy and Anger Management



"What is entailed in not indulging in your automatic emotions, is being conscious all the time.  We are not talking about suppressing emotions, we are talking about not expressing them.  To express them discharges them, and that stops you from really understanding and going deeper.  Expressing emotions stops the process of transformation.... Indulgence just feeds the elementary needs and values, and perpetuates them".
A. H. Almaas in 'Indestructible Innocence'


As such there is nothing wrong with anger.  Everyone experiences anger at some time or the other. There are situations in which anger is the most normal, natural and ‘right’ response and makes perfect sense, ie: seeing a child being brutally beaten, injustice, cruelty toward animals or humans, etc.  Generally, anger is evoked when a person is offended, insulted or provoked. Most people's anger is limited to situations in which it is justified, ie: when they have been taken advantage of, lied to, cheated, abused and so forth.


The problem is not the emotion of anger, but the way in which it is expressed that becomes the problem.  Some people have problem managing their anger. It seems as if they are angry all the time and about everything. Even when nothing really provokes them, they feel incited, taken advantage of, belittled, or abused in some way. Sometimes their perception is accurate, other times it is distorted.  Anger changes thinking, it makes a person defensive, and focus exclusively on what they believe is provoking them.


Some people find it difficult to express their anger. Some believe that it is wrong to express anger. This sort of rigidity leads to problems, because anger that is not expressed tends to accumulate, with explosive episodes.  Unexpressed anger keeps a person aroused physiologically, which can lead to health problems like high blood pressure and even heart disease. Also, unexpressed anger can cause feelings of helplessness, which precipitate depression.  Depression is anger turned inward, ie: suppressed.  Therefore, it is important to identify your anger, and the beliefs that are keeping you from expressing it, and to learn appropriate ways to express it.
Some tend to exaggerate and dramatize situations, particularly interpersonal ones, so that they feel intense and prolonged anger unnecessarily. This unnecessary anger often leads to an exaggerated expression of anger-- often directed toward others.


Anger is an emotion that affects many systems (emotional, cognitive and physiological).  People can do many things to reduce anger; they can learn to relax, meditate, distract themselves (counting to ten before saying anything) or talk about it.  All of these techniques can be helpful for some people. Sometimes hitting a pillow or a punching bag will "vent" the anger, it releases the physical tension in the body that builds up with holding back anger.

As in dealing with depression and anxiety, cognitive techniques are very helpful in reducing anger and lessening the intensity of outbursts.  Explosive, uncontrolled and unmanaged anger is the result of some distortion in thinking.  People who have difficulty expressing anger in an appropriate manner lack healthy problem-solving skills, and have insufficient adaptive responses to anger-provoking events. They tend to misinterpret events as negative even when they are not.  They believe that it is OK to retaliate by being verbally or physically violent.  They have difficulty recognizing the consequence of their anger.


There is no more effective way to control anger than to nip it in the bud before it gets out of control. This requires learning how to alert yourself to the subtle signs of increasing anger. Look for cues that tell you that you are starting to feel angry.. ie: clenching your teeth, tight fists, narrowing your eyes, and speaking loudly, etc.
Anger is one of the most difficult emotions to control, because it has a sudden onset and escalates quickly.  The key to effectively controlling anger is to slow things down.  Do a ‘reality check’ instead of relying on just your perceptions.  Once you have learned to recognize early signs of anger, and how to step back and evaluate the situation thoroughly, anger will lose a great deal of its power.


To feel any empathy is very difficult when one is angry, but it can make all the difference in the world.  Often after we get intensely angry at someone, the next day we feel guilty to some degree.  Learning to see the other person's point of view can be difficult when one is in the middle of an angry episode, but with practice it can become second nature.  


Extreme anger can make one blind and irrational.  Extreme anger almost always has negative outcomes when it is taken out on another person. See if you can train yourself to step into the future in the heat of the moment. When angry, try to listen carefully to what is being said to you. Anger creates a hostility filter, and often all you can hear is negativity.


Learn to deflate your own anger… when angry ask yourself:
  • Where is the evidence?  Are you sure, absolutely sure, that the situation is what you believe it is?
  • Is there sufficient evidence to back up your interpretation of the event that is angering you?
  • Is there any other way of looking at this situation?
  • So what is the worst thing that can happen?
  • What will be the outcome of my anger?
  • Where is the other person coming from?
And finally, to understand the source of your anger… ask yourself… why am I really angry?  You will be amazed at the answer.  It is almost NEVER the reason you think it is.  It is almost ALWAYS about your own insecurity.  For any real and sustained change we have to learn to tolerate some frustration and anxiety.



© 2001 published in www.crescentlife.com